First Law Summary

The internal energy is conserved.

The internal energy is a state function.

The internal energy change is not path-dependent.

The internal energy change of a closed cycle is zero.

The internal energy change of an isolated system is zero.

Definitions: pressure always refers to external pressure.

Sign convention: - work done by system, + work done on system.

heat capacity at constant volume, Cv. (extensive, units JK-1)