Table of Contents
Cell Biology Related to Drug Delivery
Cell Basics
The Cell Cycle
The cell cycle
Phases of the cell cycle
S phase: DNA replication
S phase: The replication fork
M phase: mitosis
Membrane Structure and Transport
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Diffusion of uncharged molecules into cell
Diffusion of charged molecules into cell
Factors affecting diffusion through the membrane
Osmotic effects
Facilitated Diffusion
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Ion channels
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Dynamics of Membrane Transport
Membrane Transport
Ligands for receptor mediated endocytosis
Ligands for receptor mediated endocytosis
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Overview of translocation
Formation of clathrin-coated pits
Electron microscopy of vesicle formation
Receptosome formation occurs at ambient temperature
Early and late endosomes
Structure changes in late endosomes
Late endosome and the lyosome
Endosome sorting and recycling
Markers for endosomes and lyosomes
Diffusion of receptors in the membrane
Receptor-mediated uptake of LDL receptors: a model for studies of trafficking and defects
Model for LDL trafficking
Formation of a clathrin-coated pit for the LDL receptor
The cholesterol problem
Niemann Pick type C Disorder
Cholesterol: stuck in traffic
Markers permit localization of cholesterol
Cancer Biology
Programmed cell death
Apoptosis
Cancer as a microevolutionary process
Cancers differ according to cell type
Chemical carcinogens are often activated by the class of heme enzymes known as cytochrome P-450
The Ames test for mutagenicity
The molecular genetics of cancer
Oncogenes
The EGF oncogene
The ras oncogene
The ras GTP binding site structure
The myc oncogene
The myc-max coiled-coil motif
Mutations in multiple oncogenes are required to make a cancer cell
Bcl-2 inhibits apoptosis Bax promotes apoptosis
B-cell lymphoma requires two oncogenes for transformation
The p53 tumor suppressor gene
The p53 tumor suppressor gene
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene
Cyclin-dependent kinases
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Cellular targets for cancer drugs
DNA-drug interactions
Distamycin: a minor groove binder
Distamycin
Polyamides recognize the minor groove of DNA
Anthracyclins
Nogalamycin is an anthracyclin that can bind in both the minor and major grooves
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Camptothecins
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