The final exam will be a written exam.

There will be two numerical and three essay questions (brief answer). 

The numerical problems consist of one of the following:

1. Michaelis-Menton kinetics: V = V_max[S]/(K_m + [S])

2. Thermodynamics of protein folding: (k_obs = k_u + k_f , K_u = k_u/k_f)

3. Optical detection

   a. Beer's law: (A = ecd)

   b. Photon energy relations: E = hn

   c. Fluorescence quantum yield: F_f = k_f/(k_f + k_u)

4. Transmembrane potential: E = RT/F ln(C_o/C_i)

5. Thermodynamics when the system is not at equilibrium: DG = DG^o + RT lnQ and at equilibrium: 0 = DG^o + RT lnK

6. van’t Hoff plots for determining reaction enthalpy: ln(K₂/K₁) = -DH^o/R(1/T₂ – 1/T₁)

7. the Arrhenius equation: k = Ae^-Ea/RT